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1 stimulus
stĭmŭlus, i, m. [for stig-mulus, from the root stig; Gr. stizô; v. stilus].I.A goad for driving cattle, slaves, etc. (class., [p. 1760] esp. in the trop. sense).A.Lit.:B.jam lora teneo, jam stimulum in manu: Agite equi, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 112:parce, puer, stimulis, et fortius utere loris,
Ov. M. 2, 127:aut stimulo tardos increpuisse boves,
Tib. 1, 1, 30 (12); cf. Ov. M. 14, 647:ita te forabunt patibulatum per vias Stimulis,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:aliquem stimulo fodere,
id. Curc. 1, 2, 40:dum te stimulis fodiam,
Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86:numquam stimulo lacessat juvencum,
Col. 2, 2, 26.—As a term of abuse of slaves:stimulorum seges,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6; cf. id. Cas. 2, 8, 11:stimulorum tritor,
id. Pers. 5, 2, 17.—Prov.:si stimulos pugnis caedis, manibus plus dolet,
i. e. an evil is aggravated by foolish opposition, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 55; cf.:advorsum stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 28.—Trop., a goad (as in Engl., either that which vexes, irritates, torments, or, more freq., that which spurs on, incites, stimulates).1.A sting, torment, pang:2.mens sibi conscia factis... adhibet stimulos torretque flagellis,
Lucr. 3, 1019; cf.:subesse caecum aliquem cordi stimulum,
id. 3, 874:ne illa stimulum longum habet, quae usque illinc cor pungit meum,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 79:stimulos doloris contemnere,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 66; cf.:(res malae) lacerant, vexant, stimulos admovent, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 16, 35:stimulos in pectore caecos Condidit,
Ov. M. 1, 726.—A spur, incentive, incitement, stimulus:II.animum gloriae stimulis concitare,
Cic. Arch. 11, 29:quidam industriae ac laboris (with illecebrae libidinum),
id. Cael. 5, 12:quot stimulos admoverit homini victoriae studioso,
id. Sest. 5, 12; cf.:defendendi Vatinii,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 19:omnia pro stimulis facibusque ciboque furoris Accipit,
Ov. M. 6, 480:ardet, et injusti stimulis agitatur amoris,
id. F. 2, 779:non hostili modo odio sed amoris etiam stimulis,
Liv. 30, 14, 1:ad hanc voluntatem ipsius naturae stimulis incitamur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3:ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos habet,
Quint. 10, 7, 16:agrariae legis tribuniciis stimulis plebs furebat,
Liv. 2, 54; cf.:acriores quippe aeris alieni stimulos esse,
id. 6, 11:subdere stimulos animo,
id. 6, 34:in aliquem stimulis accendi,
Tac. H. 3, 45; cf.:suis stimulis excitos Moesiae duces,
id. ib. 3, 53:secundae res acrioribus stimulis animos explorant,
id. ib. 1, 15:acres Subjectat lasso stimulos,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 94:stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo,
Verg. A. 6, 101:movere acres stimulos irarum,
Luc. 2, 324:accensae stimulis majoribus irae,
Stat. Th. 11, 497:dare stimulos laudum,
id. Achill. 1, 203.—In milit. lang., a pointed stake concealed beneath the surface of the ground, to repel hostile troops (syn.:sudes, stipes),
Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.:se stimulis induere,
id. ib. 7, 82. -
2 cuspis
cuspis idis, f a point, pointed end, blade, head: asseres cuspidibus praefixi, Cs.: acuta teli, O.: pro longā cuspide rostrum, sword-blade, O.—A spear, javelin, lance, V.: tremenda, H.—A trident (of Neptune), O.: triplex, O.—A sceptre (of Aeolus), V.—A sting (of a scorpion), O.* * *point/tip (spear), pointed end; spit/stake; blade; javelin/spear/lance; sting -
3 stilus
stĭlus (not stylus), i, m. [for stiglus; Gr. stizô, to stick, puncture; stigma, mark, point; Sanscr. tig, to be sharp; tigmas, sharp; cf. Engl. stick, sting; Lat. stimulus; not connected with stulos].I.In gen., a stake, pale: extra vallum stili caeci, concealed stakes, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 5; cf. Sil. 10, 415 (for which stimuli, Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.):II.ligneus,
Amm. 23, 4, 5; 15, 10, 5.—In agriculture, a pointed instrument for freeing plants from worms or from shoots which grow too rankly, etc., Col. 11, 3, 53; Pall. Mart. 10, 20.—Of the stem or stalk of many plants (e. g. of the asparagus), Col. 11, 3, 46; 11, 3, 58; 5, 10, 13; 5, 10, 21.—In partic.A.A style used by the Romans for writing on waxen tablets (pointed, and usually made of iron):B.effer cito stilum, ceram et tabellas et linum,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 64; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 76; 4, 9, 73; Quint. 1, 1, 27:cum otiosus stilum prehenderat, flaccebat oratio,
Cic. Brut. 24, 93:orationes paene Attico stilo scriptae,
with an Attic pen, id. ib. 45, 167; so,(comoediae quaedam) resipiant stilum Plautinum,
Gell. 3, 3, 13.—And with reference to the ecenomical use, in a double sense, Cic. de Or. 2, 23, 96.—Writing on wax was erased with the broad upper end of the style; hence the phrase stilum vertere, for to erase what one has written, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 41, § 101:saepe stilum vertas, iterum quae digna legi sint, Scripturus,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 73.—But cf.:et mihi vertenti stilum in Gallias,
i. e. turning to write of, Amm. 29, 3, 1.—Comically:stilis me totum usque ulmeis conscribito,
i. e. with elm switches, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131 (cf. conscribo).—Transf.1.= scriptio and scriptura, a setting down in writing, composing, composition; the practice of composing; manner of writing, mode of composition:2.stilus optimus et praestantissimus dicendi effector ac magister,
Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; 1, 60, 257; cf. id. ib. 3, 49, 190; Quint. 1, 9, 2; cf.:multus stilus et assidua lectio,
id. 10, 7, 4:stilus exercitatus,
i. e. a practised pen, Cic. Or. 44, 150:tardior stilus cogitationem moratur,
Quint. 1, 1, 28:neglegens,
id. 2, 4, 13:multus,
id. 10, 1, 1:tardus,
id. 10, 3, 5:rudis et confusus,
id. 1, 1, 28:fidelis,
id. 10, 7, 7:stilo incumbere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 29, 9:aliquid stilo prosequi,
id. ib. 1, 8, 8;2, 3, 3: signare stilo,
Vell. 1, 16, 1:non ita dissimili sunt argumento, sed tamen Dissimili oratione sunt factae ac stilo,
in speech and writing, Ter. And. prol. 12 (for which:oratione et scripturā,
id. Phorm. prol. 5); cf.:unus sonus est totius orationis et idem stilus,
the same tone and the same style of composition run through the whole speech, Cic. Brut. 26, 100:artifex stilus,
an artistic style, id. ib. 25, 96:familiares opes velut supremo distribuens stilo,
i. e. by his last will, Amm. 25, 3, 21.—A manner of speaking, mode of expression, style in speaking (post-Aug. and very rare; not as early as Quint.;* 3.in class. Lat. sermo, oratio, dictio, dicendi modus, ars, genus or forma): stilus pressus demissusque,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5:pugnax et quasi bellatorins,
id. ib. 7, 9, 7:laetior,
id. ib. 3, 18, 10; cf.:diligentis stili anxietas,
Tac. Or. 39:(Octavius) tragoediam magno impetu exorsus, non succedente stilo, abolevit,
Suet. Aug. 85:affectatione obscurabat stilum,
id. Tib. 70:stili dicendi duo sunt: unus est maturus et gravis, alter ardens erectus et infensus, etc.,
Macr. S. 5, 1; 6, 3.— -
4 ligula
lĭgŭla and lingŭla (v. infra), ae, f. dim. [from lingua:I.quamvis me ligulam dicant Equitesque Patresque, Dicor ab indoctis lingula grammaticis,
Mart. 14, 120 ], a little tongue; hence, transf.A tongue of land:II.oppida posita in extremis lingulis promontoriisque,
Caes. B. G. 3, 12.—The tongue of a shoe, a shoe-strap, shoe-latchet: lingula per diminutionem linguae dicta; alias a similitudine linguae exsertae, ut in calceis, alias insertae, id est intra dentes coërcitae, ut in tibiis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.:III.habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum debeat et ligulas dimittere,
Juv. 5, 20; Mart. 2, 29, 7.—As a term of reproach:ligula, i in malam crucem,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 30.—A spoon or ladle for skimming a pot, a skimmer:B.isque (musteus fructus) saepius ligula purgandus est,
Col. 9, 5 fin. —For taking out and dropping aromatic essences:inde lingulis eligunt florem,
Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 84.—For preserves, Cato, R. R. 84.—As a measure, a spoonful:IV.duarum aut trium lingularum mensura,
Plin. 20, 5, 18, § 36.—A small sword, Naev. ap. Gell. 10, 25, 3; ct. Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—V.The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 171; cf. under II. the passage cited from Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—VI.The pointed end of a post or stake, which was inserted into something, a tongue, tenon:VII.lingulae edolatae,
Col. 8, 11, 4.—The short arm of a lever, which is placed under the weight to be raised:VIII.si sub onus vectis lingula subjecta fuerit,
Vitr. 10, 8.—The tongueshaped extremity of a water-pipe, by which it is fitted into another, Vitr. 8, 7.—IX.The tongue of a scale-beam: examen est ligula et lignum, quod mediam hastam ad pondera adaequanda tenet, Schol. ad Pers. 1, 6.—X.A tongue-shaped member of the cuttle-fish:loliginum ligulas,
App. Mag. p. 297, 5.
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